RuleBucklinInstant

class whalrus.RuleBucklinInstant(*args, converter: whalrus.converters_ballot.converter_ballot.ConverterBallot = None, scorer: whalrus.scorers.scorer.Scorer = None, default_median: object = 0, **kwargs)

Bucklin’s rule (instant version).

For each candidate, its median Borda score m is computed. Let x be the number of voters who give this candidate a Borda score that is greater or equal to m. Then the candidate’s score is (m, x). Scores are compared lexicographically.

When preferences are strict orders, it is equivalent to say that:

• The candidate with the lowest median rank is declared the winner.
• If several candidates have the lowest median rank, this tie is broken by examining how many voters rank each of them with this rank or better.

For another variant of Bucklin’s rule, cf. RuleBucklinByRounds.

Parameters:

• args – Cf. parent class.
• converter (ConverterBallot) – Default: ConverterBallotToOrder.
• scorer (Scorer) – Default: ScorerBorda with absent_give_points=True, absent_receive_points=None, unordered_give_points=True, unordered_receive_points=False.
• default_median (object) – The default median of a candidate when it receives no score whatsoever.
• kwargs – Cf. parent class.

Examples

>>> rule = RuleBucklinInstant(ballots=['a > b > c', 'b > a > c', 'c > a > b'])
>>> rule.scores_
{'a': (1, 3), 'b': (1, 2), 'c': (0, 3)}
>>> rule.winner_
'a'

With the default settings, and when preferences are strict total orders, RuleBucklinByRounds and RuleBucklinInstant have the same winner (although not necessarily the same order over the candidates). Otherwise, the winners may differ:

>>> profile = Profile(ballots=['a > b > c > d', 'b > a ~ d > c', 'c > a ~ d > b'],
...                   weights=[3, 3, 4])
>>> rule_bucklin_by_rounds = RuleBucklinByRounds(profile)
>>> rule_bucklin_by_rounds.detailed_scores_[0]
{'a': Fraction(3, 10), 'b': Fraction(3, 10), 'c': Fraction(2, 5), 'd': 0}
>>> rule_bucklin_by_rounds.detailed_scores_[1]
{'a': Fraction(13, 20), 'b': Fraction(3, 5), 'c': Fraction(2, 5), 'd': Fraction(7, 20)}
>>> rule_bucklin_by_rounds.winner_
'a'
>>> rule_bucklin_instant = RuleBucklinInstant(profile)
>>> rule_bucklin_instant.scores_
{'a': (Fraction(3, 2), 10), 'b': (2, 6), 'c': (1, 7), 'd': (Fraction(3, 2), 7)}
>>> RuleBucklinInstant(profile).winner_
'b'

best_score_

The best score.

Type:object

compare_scores(one: tuple, another: tuple) → int

Compare two scores.

Parameters:

• one (object) – A score.
• another (object) – A score.

Returns:

0 if they are equal, a positive number if one is greater than another, a negative number otherwise.

Return type:

int

cotrailers_

“Cotrailers”. The set of candidates with the worst score.

Type:NiceSet

cowinners_

Cowinners. The set of candidates with the best score.

Type:NiceSet

n_candidates_

Number of candidates.

Type:int

order_

Result of the election as a (weak) order over the candidates. It is a list of NiceSet. The first set contains the candidates that have the best score, the second set contains those with the second best score, etc.

Type:list

scores_as_floats_

Scores as floats. It is the same as scores_, but converted to floats.

Examples

>>> rule = RuleBucklinInstant(ballots=['a > b > c', 'b > a > c', 'c > a > b'])
>>> rule.scores_as_floats_
{'a': (1.0, 3.0), 'b': (1.0, 2.0), 'c': (0.0, 3.0)}

Type:NiceDict

strict_order_

Result of the election as a strict order over the candidates. The first element is the winner, etc. This may use the tie-breaking rule.

Type:list

trailer_

The “trailer” of the election. This is the last candidate in strict_order_ and also the unfavorable choice of the tie-breaking rule in cotrailers_.

Type:object

winner_

The winner of the election. This is the first candidate in strict_order_ and also the choice of the tie-breaking rule in cowinners_.

Type:object

worst_score_

The worst score.

Type:object